Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. URSS. La république socialiste soviétique d’Ukraine est proclamée le 10 mars 1919 comme gouvernement autonome, au 3e congrès des soviets d’Ukraine réuni du 6 au 10 mars à Kharkov. Notably, the Crimea, which had originally been a territory of the RSFSR until 1954, supported the referendum by a 54 percent majority. Originally, the legislative authority was vested in the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine that for many years was headed by Grigoriy Petrovsky. The government of the Soviet Ukraine was dissolved after its last session on 20 November 1918. 2 synonyms for Cameroon: Cameroun, Republic of Cameroon. En Russie, il existait aussi des districts autonomes à l'intérieur des oblasts et des kraïs. Average annual populations in 2017, "Why Ukraine Isn't 'The Ukraine,' And Why That Matters Now", "Ukraine or the Ukraine: Why do some country names have 'the'? [56], The urbanisation of Ukrainian society in the post-war years led to an increase in energy consumption. Emblème de la république socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine. Le drapeau de la république socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine est le drapeau officiel de la RSS d'Ukraine, l'une des 15 républiques formant l'Union soviétique.Il a été adopté en 1919.Des détails du drapeau officiel ont changé périodiquement avant la dissolution de l'Union soviétique en 1991, mais tous sont fondés sur le drapeau rouge de la révolution d'Octobre. This policy turned out to be, in fact, the reintroduction of the russification policy. [50] Other ethnic groups, however, were allowed to petition the government for their own national autonomy. [37] The Chernobyl disaster of 1986, the russification policies, and the apparent social and economic stagnation led several Ukrainians to oppose Soviet rule. [citation needed], In September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland and occupied Galician lands inhabited by Ukrainians, Poles and Jews adding it to the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. Add to clipboard. La République soviétique de Donetsk-Krivoï-Rog (1919), intégrée à la RSS d'Ukraine. During the 1930s, there were significant numbers of ethnic minorities living within the Ukrainian SSR. En 1924, une partie des gouvernements de Podolie et d'Odessa en fut détachée pour créer une deuxième république autonome moldave au sein de l'Ukraine. The two most prominent of them were a government in Kyiv called the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) and a government in Kharkiv called the Ukrainian Soviet Republic (USR). République socialiste soviétique de Biélo-russie République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine Roumanie Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord Saint-Siège Salvador Sénégal Suède Suisse Tchad Tchécoslovaquie Thaïlande Tunisie Turquie Union des Répu-bliques socialistes soviétiques Uruguay Venezuela Yougoslavie 4. For example, Zaporozhian Cossacks called their hetmanate "Ukraine". It was not separately a member of the Warsaw Pact, Comecon, the World Federation of Trade Unions and the World Federation of Democratic Youth, and since 1949, the International Olympic Committee. [29] Change came as early as 1953, when officials were allowed to criticise Stalin's policy of russification. #apprendsentamusant.La deuxième république azerbaïdjanaise, la République socialiste soviétique d'Azerbaïdjan, a été fondée le 28 avril 1920 (avant d'être regroupée avec les RSS de Géorgie et d'Arménie au sein de la République socialiste fédérative soviétique de Transcaucasie du 12 mars 1922 au 5 décembre 1936) @sachacohen55 @mathias.lrn @elisymcho @benji_faintuch @benjam1cohen [52] The end result of this remarkable growth was that by 1955 Ukraine was producing 2.2 times more than in 1940, and the republic had become one of the leading producers of certain commodities in Europe. Koncerta programma "Le Ballet des cosaques de l'Ukraine (ensemble officiel de la République soviétique socialiste d'Ukraine)", directeur artistique Pavel Virsky, AR AUTOGRĀFU, Le Palais des Sports, Parīze, [20] lpp., izkrīt lappuses, 26.9 x 20.9 cm Kyiver Sport-Klub [1. In February 1954 the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) transferred Crimea as a gift to Ukraine from the Russians; even if only 22 percent of the Crimean population were ethnic Ukrainian. Sprawdź tłumaczenia 'République socialiste soviétique d’Ukraine' na język Polski. Drapeaux et hymnes n'étaient cependant pas ceux que les nations en question avaient eu avant la formation de l'URSS, interdits car assimilés au « nationalisme bourgeois », mais de nouveaux symboles créés par les bolchéviks et liés à l'identité communiste de l’homo sovieticus. It also retained its seat in the United Nations, held since 1945. Geographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. Entre 1939 et 1954, l'URSS attribue à la république socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine plusieurs territoires, qui étaient auparavant rattachés soit aux pays voisins (Pologne, Roumanie, Tchécoslovaquie) soit à la république socialiste fédérative soviétique de Russie. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». Cherchez des exemples de traductions République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine dans des phrases, écoutez à la prononciation et apprenez la grammaire. - Stanislaw Chouchkievitch, président de la République socialiste soviétique biélorusse ; - Leonid Kravtchouk, président de la République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine. Pour mettre la main sur les richesses du pays, alors essentielles pour leur victoire, ils contribuent à l'instauration de l'hetmanat, en la personne de Pavlo Skoropadsky. L'impact fut considérable sur les Ukrainiens de la partie anciennement polonaise, tchécoslovaque ou roumaine, qui avaient conservé l'usage de l'ukrainien y compris littéraire et savant (langue ausbau) et qui voyaient dans cette russification un « génocide culturel » (voir l'Organisation des nationalistes ukrainiens dans ces régions), tandis que la majorité des autres Ukrainiens parlait volontiers le russe à 90 %, synonyme depuis trois siècles de tremplin social. Find. ^ Gouvernement en Union soviétique: la proposition de Gorbatchev pour le changement, en Le New York Times, 2 octobre 1988. It was first used to define part of the territory of Kyivan Rus (Ruthenia) in the 12th century, at which point Kyiv was the capital of Rus'. The result of the 1991 independence referendum held on 1 December 1991 proved to be a surprise. Dans la foulée de la révolution de Février se constitue le 15 mars 1917 une Rada (un conseil) autonome, présidée par l'historien Mykhaïlo Hrouchevsky. Les débuts de l'agriculture intensive en RSS d'Ukraine ont commencé sous Staline à l'époque de la collectivisation forcée des terres de toute l'URSS et de la répression des paysans accusés d'être des koulaks (« dékoulakisation »). There are many reasons for this inefficiency, but its origins can be traced back to the single-purchaser and -producer market system set up by Joseph Stalin. En Ukraine, cette grande famine, appelée Holodomor, aurait fait entre 4 et 7 millions de morts ukrainiens. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR or UkSSR; Ukrainian: Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, romanized: Ukrayins'ka Radians'ka Sotsialistychna Respublika, УРСР; Russian: Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, УССР), also known as Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. [citation needed], After re-taking Kharkiv in February 1919, a second Soviet Ukrainian government was formed, consisting mostly of Russians, Jews, and non-Ukrainians. Outre une agriculture forte, la RSS d'Ukraine hébergeait un complexe industriel puissant. [54], The increase of Soviet agricultural production was tremendous, however, the Soviet-Ukrainians still experienced food shortages due to the inefficiencies of a highly centralised economy. Elle a donné naissance, après la dislocation de l'URSS, à l'actuel état d'Ukraine.La République était gouverné par le Parti communiste d'Ukraine. Hymne de la république socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine, République soviétique de Donetsk-Krivoï-Rog, vaincue par une coalition franco-serbo-roumano-tchécoslovaque, république socialiste fédérative soviétique de Russie, république socialiste soviétique de Moldavie, région autonome ukrainienne de langue roumaine, Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques, université nationale Taras-Chevtchenko de Kiev, université nationale de construction et d'architecture de Kiev, université nationale polytechnique de Lviv, université nationale d'économie de Kharkiv, Organisation des nationalistes ukrainiens, Crimes de guerre nazis en Union soviétique, grandes déportations des années 1930 et 1945-55. 1917 non joué. Law of Ukraine "About languages of the Ukrainian SSR", France Meslé, Gilles Pison, Jacques Vallin, ce Meslé, Jacques Vallin Mortalité et causes de décès en Ukraine au XXè siècle + CDRom, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFMagocsi1996 (, Derzhavnyy himn Ukrayins'koyi Radyans'koyi, Ratification of agreement to dissolve the Soviet Union, Russian military intervention (2014–present), anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union, International Commission of Inquiry into the 1932–33 Famine in Ukraine, Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertza, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, final stage of communism, also the final stage of human development, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Administrative divisions of the Ukrainian SSR, Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union, Honest History: Where, why Ukrainians speak Russian language (and how Kremlin uses it to stoke conflict in Ukraine), "Soviets Begin Recovery From Disaster's Damage", "Activities of the Member States – Ukraine", Population as of January 1, 2018. Cities in the Ukrainian SSR were a separate exception, which could either be subordinate to either the provincial authorities themselves or the district authorities of which they were the administrative center. National Districts were formed as separate territorial-administrative units within higher-level provincial authorities. L’hymne national de la république socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine (Державний гімн Української Радянської Соціалістичної Республіки en ukrainien) était l'hymne national de la RSS d'Ukraine qui faisait partie de l'URSS. Because of this, 19 million people were left homeless after the war. De nos jours, ce territoire correspond à l'actuel Kazakhstan. In the 1991 Ukrainian presidential election 62 percent of Ukrainians voted for Leonid Kravchuk, who had been vested with presidential powers since the Supreme Soviet's declaration of independence. L'Ouzbékie et la Turkménie se joignirent à l'Union (loi du 20 mai 1925), puis la Tadjikie (5 décembre 1929). En 1991, la RSS d'Ukraine réalisait 32 % de la production industrielle de l'Union soviétique. L'URSS était composée de quinze républiques dites « unionales » (союзная республика) qui possédaient chacune une constitution propre, un drapeau, un hymne et des dirigeants locaux. [49] Kharkiv was also the city where the first Soviet Ukrainian government was created in 1917 with strong support from Russian SFSR authorities. The policy of partial Ukrainisation also led to a cultural thaw within Ukraine. La RSS d'Ukraine ne dérogeait pas à la règle. The increase in capital investment and the expansion of the labour force also benefited Ukraine's economic recovery. On 4 June 1953, Oleksii Kyrychenko succeeded Leonid Melnikov as First Secretary of the CPU; this was significant since Kyrychenko was the first ethnic Ukrainian to lead the CPU since the 1920s. Tandis que le gouvernement de la République soviétique ukrainienne attend la fin de la guerre à Krasnodar, les Allemands jouent la carte du nationalisme ukrainien. Il eut pour origine la prétention des Polonais à recouvrer sur la Russie les territoires de Lituanie, de Russie Blanche et d’Ukraine qui faisaient autrefois partie de l’ancien royaume de Pologne. The referendum carried in the majority of all oblasts. The Kyiv-based UPR was internationally recognized and supported by the Central powers following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, whereas the Kharkiv-based USR was solely supported by the Soviet Russian forces, while neither the UPR nor the USR were supported by the White Russian forces that remained. RSSFT stands for République Socialiste Soviétique Fédérative du Transcaucase. It is République Socialiste Soviétique Fédérative du Transcaucase. However, in 1934, the capital was moved from Kharkiv to Kyiv, which remains the capital of Ukraine today, although at first Kharkiv retained some government offices and buildings for some time after the move. Ce n'est qu'après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et après l'évacuation de nombreuses usines devant l'avancée allemande, que d'autres régions soviétiques devinrent de grandes zones industrielles. En plus des quinze républiques socialistes soviétiques qui existent jusqu'en 1991, plusieurs autres Républiques socialistes soviétiques (Républiques soviétiques) ont existé à un moment donné : La République soviétique de Donetsk-Krivoï-Rog (1919), intégrée à la RSS d'Ukraine. Selon l'article 18 de la constitution de 1959 de la RSS d'Ukraine, « La république socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine est composée des oblasts de : Zaporojie, Volhynie, Vinnitsa, Odessa, Ivano-Frankovsk, Ruthénie subcarpatique, Tarnopol, Tchernivtsi, Tchernigov, Tcherkassy, Soumy, Rivne, Poltava, Mykolaïv, Lviv, Lougansk, Kirovograd, Kiev, Khmelnytsky, Kherson, Kharkov, Jytomyr, Drohobytch, Stalino, Dniepropetrovsk, Crimée ». Ukraine was the largest per-capita producer in Europe of pig iron and sugar, and the second-largest per-capita producer of steel and of iron ore, and was the third largest per-capita producer of coal in Europe. The government was not able to meet the people's ever-increasing demand for energy consumption, but by the 1970s, the Soviet government had conceived an intensive nuclear power program. [51] In 1920s the Ukrainian SSR was forced to cede several territories to Russia in Severia, Sloboda Ukraine and Azov littoral including such cities like Belgorod, Taganrog and Starodub. They issued an ultimatum to the Central Rada on 17 December to recognise the Soviet government of which the Rada was very critical. République Socialiste des Soviets d’Ukraine République Socialiste des Soviets de Russie Blanche République Socialiste Soviétique Fédérative du Transcaucase Kyiv remained the capital for the rest of the Ukrainian SSR's existence, and remained the capital of independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Aside from improving Soviet-Ukrainian water transport, the reservoirs became the sites for new power stations, and hydroelectric energy flourished in Ukraine in consequence. In 1945, these lands were permanently annexed, and the Transcarpathia region was added as well, by treaty with the post-war administration of Czechoslovakia. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Russian SFSR yielded all the captured Ukrainian territory as the Bolsheviks were forced out of Ukraine. The Bolshevik state of Ukraine (1919–91), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1922–91). In effect, this provided the Soviet Union (a permanent Security Council member with veto powers) with another vote in the General Assembly. La famine s'en est suivie. Eventually fighting both White forces in the east and republic forces in the west, Lenin ordered the liquidation of the second Soviet Ukrainian government in August 1919. The name "Ukraine" (Latin: Vkraina) is a subject of debate. Two cities, the capital Kyiv, and Sevastopol in Crimea, treated separately because it housed an underground nuclear submarine base, were designated "cities with special status." The old system was reestablished; the numbers of collective farms in Ukraine increased from 28 thousand in 1940 to 33 thousand in 1949, comprising 45 million hectares; the numbers of state farms barely increased, standing at 935 in 1950, comprising 12.1 million hectares. Elle avait un siège à l'Assemblée générale de l'ONU, qui lui fut attribué le 29 juin 1945, à l'instar de la RSS de Biélorussie, aux côtés de l'Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques. In July 1918, the former members of the government formed the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine, the constituent assembly of which took place in Moscow. The Ukraine's system of government was based on a one-party communist system ruled by the Communist Party of Ukraine, a part of the Communist Party of Soviet Union (KPSS). [28], After World War II, amendments to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR were accepted, which allowed it to act as a separate subject of international law in some cases and to a certain extent, remaining a part of the Soviet Union at the same time. En Ukraine orientale, Skoropadsky est contraint de se réfugier en Allemagne en décembre 1918 tandis qu'un Directoire, présidé par Simon Petlioura, restaure la République populaire ukrainienne et combat l'Armée rouge. Milana Vayntrub. Metadata. « République socialiste des conseils ukrainienne », Le rôle de la RSS d'Ukraine dans l'Union soviétique, C'est par le traité soviéto-tchécoslovaque du. Malgré tout, la RSS d'Ukraine est restée la clef de voûte de l'industrie soviétique, grâce à notamment à des entreprises comme Antonov. [52] In the prewar years, 15.9 percent of the Soviet budget went to Ukraine, in 1950, during the Fourth Five-Year Plan this had increased to 19.3 percent. As a victor, the Soviet Union gained new prestige and more land. The Ukrainian border was expanded to the Curzon Line. Districts were established for the republic's three largest minority groups, which were the Jews, Russians, and Poles. [51] A forced end to Ukrainisation in southern Russian Soviet Republic led to a massive decline of reported Ukrainians in these regions in the 1937 Soviet Census.[51]. 1920 1. Récupéré le 11 Décembre, 2011. Republic of the Congo - a republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960 French Congo, Congo Brazzaville - … : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. On 10 March 1919, according to the 3rd Congress of Soviets in Ukraine (conducted 6–10 March 1919) the name of the state was changed to the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (abbreviated УСРР in Ukrainian as opposed to the later УРСР). Ukraine was also expanded southwards, near the area Izmail, previously part of Romania. République socialiste soviétique autonome moldave (1924-1940). [citation needed], After the Russian Revolution of 1917, several factions sought to create an independent Ukrainian state, alternately cooperating and struggling against each other. The Final Report (1990)", "Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic", The Law of Ukraine on Succession of Ukraine, Bolsheviks in the Ukraine: The Second Campaign, 1918–1919, The Soviet Bureaucratic Elite: A Case Study of the Ukrainian Apparatus, Moscow and the Ukraine, 1918–1953: A Study of Russian Bolshevik Nationality Policy, Soviet Politics and the Ukraine, 1917–1957, "Governments of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic", annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic&oldid=994816426, Former member states of the United Nations, Russian-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1919, States and territories disestablished in 1991, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles containing Russian-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Articles to be expanded from November 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from November 2018, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from November 2018, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Independent Socialist Republic (1919–1922), This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 18:07. Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Carpathian Ruthenia from Hungary in 1945. It took place at the end of the World War I, soon after withdrawal of "Central Powers" military from Ukraine. Andropov was succeeded by Konstantin Chernenko, who ruled for little more than a year. Comment ajouter mes sources ? [citation needed], In 1932, the aggressive agricultural policies of Joseph Stalin's totalitarian regime resulted in one of the largest national catastrophes in the modern history for the Ukrainian nation. The Ukrainian SSR was a member of the UN Economic and Social Council, UNICEF, International Labour Organization, Universal Postal Union, World Health Organization, UNESCO, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, World Intellectual Property Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The slow changes in agriculture can be explained by the low productivity in collective farms, and by bad weather-conditions, which the Soviet planning system could not effectively respond to. In the 1920s the administration of the Ukrainian SSR insisted in vain on reviewing the border between the Ukrainian Soviet Republics and the Russian Soviet Republic based on the 1926 First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union that showed that 4.5 millions of Ukrainians were living on Russian territories bordering Ukraine. La Rada centrale manifeste son opposition au coup d'état bolchevik en proclamant le 19 novembre la République populaire ukrainienne, autonome mais non séparée de la République russe. Antonyms for republishing. Ce traité est ratifié le 30 décembre 1922 par le premier Congrès des Soviets d'URSS. Ce modèle culturel général devait être décliné dans chaque république soviétique en application de la campagne de korenizatsïa (indigénisation) introduite en 1923. L'Ukraine occidentale se trouve dès lors partagée entre la Tchécoslovaquie (Ruthénie subcarpathique), la Pologne (Galicie orientale) et la Roumanie (Bucovine septentrionale) et n'a plus aucune autonomie politique, mais est épargnée par la terreur rouge, la collectivisation, les déportations et les famines soviétiques qui sévissent en Ukraine orientale, dans la République socialiste soviétique. as part of the Virgin Lands Campaign. The government of Ukraine appealed to foreign capitalists, finding the support in the face of the Central Powers as the others refused to recognise it. Les archives du Comité de rédaction font également apparaître des documents issus d’administrations soviétiques et d’organisations juives liées aux bolcheviks, comme le Commissariat du peuple à l’assistance sociale de la RSS (République Socialiste Soviétique) d’Ukraine ou le Comité social juif d’aide aux victimes de pogroms (Evobshchestkom) . "The Ukraine" used to be the usual form in English,[12] despite Ukrainian not having a definite article. [citation needed], Between 1934 and 1939 prominent representatives of Ukrainian culture were executed. Emblème de la république socialiste soviétique ukrainienne. [13][14] According to U.S. ambassador William Taylor, "The Ukraine" now implies disregard for the country's sovereignty. Zapoznaj się z przykładami tłumaczeń 'République socialiste soviétique d’Ukraine' w zdaniach, posłuchaj wymowy i przejrzyj gramatykę. POLONO-SOVIÉTIQUE (guerre). [18], After the ratification of the 1936 Soviet Constitution, the names of all Soviet republics were changed, transposing the second (socialist) and third (soviet or radianska in Ukrainian) words. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale l'Ukraine souffrit d'une troisième famine qui retarda la reconstruction, et il fallut la déstalinisation et la priorité donnée par Nikita Khrouchtchev à la production sur l'« activité révolutionnaire » de la police politique, pour que l'Ukraine redevienne le grenier à blé de l'URSS, notamment grâce à ses Terres Noires, et produisant, à partir de 1955, 30 % du blé soviétique, 40 % de la betterave (notamment sucrière), et 40 % de la pomme de terre. The policy of de-Stalinisation took two main features, that of centralisation and decentralisation from the centre. [32], During the post-war years, Ukraine's industrial productivity doubled its pre-war level.